Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Most people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudes, judgments, and behaviors. Social psychologists recognize prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination â€Å"by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.† (Feenstra, 6.1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and†¦show more content†¦Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong. Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup. Social cognitive research sug gests that outgroup discrimination and prejudice are a result of basic and functional cognitive processes such as categorization and stereotyping. â€Å"Our prejudice and stereotypes come not only from the way our systems process information but also from the world around us. Societal origins of prejudice involve the norms in the world around us, the competition that exists between groups, and the social inequalities that exist in the world. Ingroup favoritism leads to unequal treatment of those we have categorized as in the outgroup. And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup.† (Feenstra, 6.1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do shape individual responses to individual outgroup members. This exemplifies a social psychological analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or implied other people influence and individual’s stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.† (Fiske, 2000, P. 303). Categories help us deal with large amounts of information. They make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"ThatShow MoreRelatedPrejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination in Mauritius4123 Words   |  17 PagesPrejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination in the Mauritian Society GOOSKHAN Souhaylah 2013 MAURITIUS Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination in the Mauritian Society Table of Contents Mauritius as a Multi-ethnic Island .......................................................................................................... 3 Prejudice ................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. 2.Read MorePrejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination on the Web991 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice, Stereotyping and discrimination on the Web People think that racism and discrimination doesn’t exist anymore, but surprisingly they do; both existed throughout human history. Discrimination may be defined as a negative, harmful behaviour toward people based on their group membership. Whereas prejudice which is an opinion rather than a fact; is a negative attitude toward members of a group, that is often very strongly held. Stereotypes are individuals beliefs that members of aRead MoreStereotyping, Discrimination and Prejudice in the Media1553 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor role in this movie, seen as a negative aspect in the childrens attitudes and mentalities. Racism is defined as negative behaviour on an incorrect assumption that one race is inherently superior to others. This is one of the many forms of discrimination which is defined as unfair actions directed against people based on their race, gender, ethnicity, nationality, language, faith, or sexual orientation. Throughout the movie, there are many examples o f racism. Basically, the students going to thatRead MoreHow Is Discrimination Different from Prejudice and Stereotyping?629 Words   |  3 Pages |Definition | |Discrimination |The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice | | |or for other arbitrary reasons | |Institutional discrimination |A denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups, resulting from the | Read MoreA Social Psychological View Of The Help. The Movie, The1423 Words   |  6 Pagesthese women fought racism and prejudice by becoming unified with one another. This paper will address how prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping, and inequality affect the characters and their relationships in the story. Prejudice Prejudice is defined as â€Å"negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups† (Kassin, Fein, Markus, 2014). There are several examples of racial prejudice within the movie, but the most interesting display of prejudice comes between women of theRead MoreStereotyping : Can We Prevent Stereotypes?1557 Words   |  7 PagesStereotyping is one of the few activities that must be prevented at all costs, due to the fact that it brews rage and hatred amongst the people in our daily society. First things first, Stereotyping is basically a belief of a certain group of people, for example, all African-Americans are excellent in sport activities. Stereotype is similar, but not the same, to prejudice, the feeling of a person based off of their social status , and discrimination, the action of treating others different basedRead MoreSterotyping in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesTopic 1: Stereotyping. The novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is based on the experiences of one girl, Scout, growing up in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s. The novel explains some conflicts in Scout’s life. Scout, the main character, learns that things are not always morally correct and is confronted with the reality of prejudice and stereotyping. Scout struggles with understanding the prejudice and stereotyping she witnesses. Atticus Finch, Scouts father, with his strongly held convictionsRead MoreEth 125 Work Sheet Essay example633 Words   |  3 PagesProgram Material Discrimination Worksheet Write a 100- to 200-word response to each of the following questions. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is discrimination? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by anotherRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination947 Words   |  4 Pages Discrimination is an action or practice that excludes disadvantages or merely differentiates between individuals on the basis of some ascribed or perceived trait. Discrimination can be caused by stereotyping and prejudice. Stereotyping is a widely fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on a reason or an actual experience. Some groups that are more likely to be discriminated against are; women, ethnic minoritiesRead MoreAppedix C673 Words   |  3 Pages|Definition | |Discrimination |The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the| | |grounds of race, age, or sex. | |Institutional discrimination |Unfair prejudice against individuals as a result of the way an organization works or | |

Managerial Economics And Management Decisions By C. M. Birch

Introduction According to Managerial Economics and Management Decisions by C. M. Birch, Managerial Economics deals with understanding both internal and external factors within Micro- and Macro-economics. A company must be aware of not only their own sustainable capabilities, but also perform environmental scans to detect competitors and economic conditions. In the case of Samsung, many of these global factors played a substantial role in deciding the survivability rate of the company from succeeding or declaring bankruptcy. This paper will serve as a means to understand Samsung’s corporate orientation such as culture, strategy, structure, organizational leadership, ethical programs, and associated risks. In addition, to analyzing past decisions and identify new strategies to improve Samsung’s corporate function. The South Korean giant, Samsung, is known as a renowned manufacturer for a multitude of high quality products, ranging from home appliances (e.g., refrigerators , microwaves, washing machines, etc.) to entertainment-based appliances (e.g., televisions, tablets, phones, etc.) demonstrating a wide market strategy across a variety of differentiated segments. Their ability to produce additional products such as memory processors, graphic cards, and more, has also led them to become suppliers for many companies including other competitors such as Apple and Sony, leading to their overall sustainability. With the introduction of their new CEO Yun Jong Yong in 1996, YongShow MoreRelatedcafes monte bianco case analysis4234 Words   |  17 Pagesï » ¿ MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING FOR DECISION MAKING AMIS 823 – Spring 2008 Course Syllabus INSTRUCTOR: Prakash R. Mulchandani OFFICE HOURS: M/W 3:30-4:30pm, and by appointment OFFICE: 432 Fisher Hall E-MAIL: mulchandani.3@osu.edu TELEPHONE: (614) 247-6267 FAX: (614) 292-2118 COURSE OUTLINE This course focuses on the strategic nature of management accounting and emphasizes the critical role that information plays in decision-making, strategy execution, and overall enhancement of a firm’sRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Change Resistance Within the Nhs5138 Words   |  21 Pagesâ€Å"A Critical Analysis of Change amp; Resistance within the NHS.† Introduction The rate of economic and political change in recent decades has been dramatic. The Anglo-Saxon emphasis on neo-liberal economic ideology has drifted East, with the (Brown, 2000) ‘rise of China’ and other emerging economies. The trend in recent decades has focussed on the need to privatise great swathes of the economy and to reduce trade barriers, leading to less protectionism. This emphasis on private sector controlRead MoreThe Entrepreneurial Mind-18021 Words   |  73 Pagesare the heroes of today’s marketplace. They start companies and create jobs at a breathtaking pace. The global economy has been revitalized because of their efforts, and the world now embraces free enterprise as the most significant force for economic development. The passion and drive of entrepreneurs move the world of business forward. They challenge the unknown and continuously create breakthroughs for the future. One anonymous quote sums up the realities for entrepreneurs: â€Å"Anyone [canRead MoreSarasvathy, Causation and Effectuation-Toward a Theoretical Shift from Economic Inevitability to14504 Words   |  59 PagesAcademy of Management http://www.jstor.org/stable/259121 . Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. ForRead Moreâ€Å"Implicit† and â€Å"Explicit† Csr: a Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility13330 Words   |  54 PagesAcademy of Management Review 2008, Vol. 33, No. 2, 404–424. â€Å"IMPLICIT† AND â€Å"EXPLICIT† CSR: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR A COMPARATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DIRK MATTEN York University, Toronto JEREMY MOON University of Nottingham We address the question of how and why corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs among countries and how and why it changes. Applying two schools of thought in institutional theory, we conceptualize, first, the differences between CSR in theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreSelf Service28523 Words   |  115 PagesCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS by Gregory E. Opara-Nadi has been approved May 2005 APPROVED: JIM MIRABELLA, D.B.A., Faculty Mentor and Chair ALISA MOSLEY, Ph.D, Committee Member NORBERTO CRUZ, Ed.D., Independent Reviewer DAL DIDIA, Ph.D, Visiting Professor DELLROY BIRCH, Peer Learner ACCEPTED AND SIGNED: JIM MIRABELLA, D.B.A. Kurt Linberg, Ph.D. Executive Director, School of Business Abstract Customers want fast checkout systems. Retailers are always searching for ways to improve store checkout systems. This studyRead MoreStrategic Business Management: a Case Study of Travelex7315 Words   |  30 Pages 1 Strategic Business Management: A Case Study of Travelex Module project 21st Century Business Author: Date: Course: Christian Jabbour 27 September 2003 University of Liverpool †¢ KIT-MBA-CB 030821 SBM: Travelex 2 Table of Contents Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Company Profile†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter I: Internal Analysis of Travelex†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Human Resource Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TechnologicalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesis an online assessment and prep aration solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S.Read MoreEssay on Comm 393 Case Briefs12768 Words   |  52 Pagesdecided not to select him. Liebmann challenged the decision, as well as CFAO 20-53 (an enactment for which the decision was based upon) under s. 15 of the Charter. Issues: 1. Should the court consider the constitutionality of CFAO 20-53? 2. Does the Charter apply to the decision not to appoint Liebmann? 3. Were Liebmann’s equality rights under s. 15 of the Charter infringed? 4. Could infringement be justified under s. 1 of the Charter? Decisions: 1. The court should not consider the constitutionality

AIDS Immunology Essay Example For Students

AIDS Immunology Essay The Immunology of Aids Introduction Although HIV was first identified in 1983,studies of previously stored blood samples indicate that the virus entered theU.S. population sometime in the late 1970s. Worldwide, an estimated 27.9 millionpeople had become HIV-infected through mid-1996, and 7.7 million had developedAIDS, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). AIDS is a disease of theimmune system, and is caused by Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV). HIV targetsand infects T-helper cells and macrophages. After infection, replication of thevirus occurs within the T-helper cells. The cells are lysed and the new virusesare released to infect more T-helper cells. The course of the disease results inthe production of massive numbers of virus (1 billion/day) over the full courseof the disease. The T- helper cells are infected, and rapidly destroyed both byvirus and by cytotoxic T cells. T-helper cells are replaced with nearly abillion produced per day. Over many years (average may be 10), the T-helper cellpopulation is depleted and the body loses its ability to mount an immuneresponse against infections. Thus, we mount a very strong immune responseagainst the virus for a long time, but the virus is produced at a very high rateand ultimately overcomes the ability of the immune system to respond. Since HIVbelongs to a class of viruses called retroviruses, it has genes composed ofribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. Like all viruses, HIV can replicate onlyinside host cells, commandeering the cells machinery to reproduce. However,only HIV and other retroviruses, once inside a cell, use an enzyme calledreverse transcriptase to convert their RNA into DNA, which can be incorporatedinto the host cells genes. HIV belongs to a subgroup of retroviruses known aslenti-viruses, or slow viruses. The course of infection with theseviruses is characterized by a long interval, up to 12 years or more, betweeninitial infection and the onset of serious symptoms. Like HIV in humans, t hereare animal viruses that primarily infect the immune system cells, often causingimmuno-deficiency and AIDS-like symptoms. Scientists use these and other virusesand their animal hosts as models of HIV disease. The CDC currently defines AIDSwhen one of 25 conditions indicative of severe immuno-suppression associatedwith HIV infection, such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is present, orHIV infection in an individual with a CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells percubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. However, the question that now remains to beanswered is How does HIV effectively overcome the human immune system? In thispaper I will try to answer this question. In the first chapter I will explainhow HIV is transmitted and what its life cycle looks like. This in order toincrease the understanding of how the virus operates. It can be seen as anintroductory chapter to the main body of the paper, chapter 2. In the secondchapter the specific interactions between the virus and the huma n immune systemwill be discussed and shown why its is so threatening. In the last chapter Iwill deal with certain promising treatments against AIDS. Chapter 1 TheTransmission of HIV Among adults, HIV is spread most commonly during sexualintercourse with an infected partner. During sex, the virus can enter the bodythrough the mucosal linings of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum or, very rarely,via the mouth. The likelihood of transmission is increased by factors that maydamage these linings, especially other sexually transmitted diseases that causeulcers or inflammation. Research suggests that immune system cells calleddendritic cells, which reside in the mucosa, may begin the infection processafter sexual exposure by binding to and carrying the virus from the site ofinfection to the lymph nodes where other cells of the immune system becomeinfected. HIV also can be transmitted by contact with infected blood, most oftenby the sharing of drug needles or syringes contaminated with minute quantitiesof blood containing the virus. The risk of acquiring HIV from blood transfusionsis now extremely small in Western countries, as all blood products in thesecountries are screened routinely for evidence of the virus. Almost allHIV-infected children acquire the virus from their mothers before or duringbirth. The anatomy of HIV HIV has a diameter of 1/10,000 of a millimeter and isspherical in shape. The outer coat of the virus, known as the viral envelope, iscomposed of lipid bi-layer, taken from the membrane of a human cell when a newlyformed virus particle buds from the cell. Embedded in the viral envelope areproteins from the host cell, as well as 72 copies (on average) of a complex HIVprotein that protrudes from the envelope surface. This protein, known as Env,consists of a cap made of three or four molecules called glycoprotein (gp) 120,and a stem consisting of three or four gp41 molecules that anchor the structurein the viral envelope. Within the envelope of a mature HI V particle is abullet-shaped core or capsid, made of 2000 copies of another viral protein, p24. The capsid surrounds two single strands of HIV RNA, each of which has a copy ofthe viruss nine genes. Three of these, gag, pol and env, contain informationneeded to make structural proteins for new virus particles. The env gene, forexample, codes for a protein called gp160 that is broken down by a viral enzymeto form gp120 and gp41, the components of Env. Three regulatory genes, tat, revand nef, and three auxiliary genes, vif, vpr and vpu, that contain theinformation necessary for the production of proteins that control the ability ofHIV to infect a cell, produce new copies of virus or cause disease. The proteinencoded by nef, for instance, appears necessary for the virus to replicateefficiently, and the vpu-encoded protein influences the release of new virusparticles from infected cells. The Life Cycle of HIV When HIV encounters itstarget cell, the external glycoprotein portion of the viral envelope (GP120)binds with high affinity to the extra cellular component of the receptor prot einCD 4, present on helper lymphocytes(Helper T cells). The membrane portion of theviral envelope fuses to the lymphocyte membrane and the virus is expelled intothe cell. Then the reverse transcriptase of the virus copies the RNA into DNA. Once the DNA is integrated into the host cell genome, the presence of HIV hasbecome a permanent part of the lymphocyte (Helper T). The viral productionproceeds through a complex set of highly regulated steps. First, messenger RNAof the virus and viral proteins are produced. Proteins are then modified by aviral protease to become mature viral proteins. Current efforts at anti-viraltherapy involve the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (notably AZT) andnewly developed inhibitors of the viral protease. AZT Chapter 2 The ImmuneSystem and HIV The bodys health is defended by the immune system. Lymphocytes(B cells and T cells) protect the body from germs such as viruses,bacteria, parasites, and fungi. When germs are detected, B cells and T cells areactivated to defend the body. This process is hindered in the case of theacquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease in which thebodys immune system breaks down. AIDS is caused by the human immuno-deficiencyvirus (HIV). Whe n HIV enters the body, it infects the CD4+ T cells, where thevirus grows. The virus kills these cells slowly. As more and more of the T cellsdie, the bodys ability to fight infection weakens. A person with HIV infectionmay remain healthy for many years. People with HIV infection are said to haveAIDS when they are sick with serious illnesses and infections that can occurwith HIV. The illnesses tend to occur late in HIV infection, when only 200 Tcells per cubic millimeter remain. One reason HIV is unique is that despite thebodys aggressive immune responses, which are sufficient to clear most viralinfections, some HIV invariably escapes. One explanation is that the immunesystems best soldiers in the fight against HIV-certain subsets of killer Tcells- multiply rapidly following initial HIV infection and kill manyHIV-infected cells, but then appear to exhaust themselves and disappear,allowing HIV to escape and continue replication. Additionally, in the few weeksthat they are detectable, these specific cells appear to accumulate in thebloodstream rather than in the lymph nodes, where most HIV is sequestered. ViralVariation Another reason for the uniqueness of HIV are the dynamics of HIVreplication. They also have profound implications for the generation of geneticdiversity of HIV quasispecies in individual patients. Virus isolates obtainedfrom patients at the time of initial infection show little geneticheterogeneity. Over time, however, the population of viruses circulating in anindividual patient becomes increasingly diverse. The rapid replication kineticsand high mutation rate of HIV reverse transcriptase drive the diversification ofthe HIV quasispecies in response to selective pressure from the host immuneresponse. The rapid turnover of HIV also provides the ideal mechanism forproducing variants with mutations that confer drug resistance, or permit escapefrom immunological control of HIV infection. When drugs that inhibit HIV-1replication are partially or inappr opriately administered, the resultingevolutionary pressure selects for the emergence of resistant strains. In thecase of lamivudine (3TC) or nevirapine, a single nucleotide change in the HIV-1RT gene is sufficient to produce high-level resistance. The entire viruspopulation evolves from wild-type to resistant in a matter of weeks when thesedrugs are given as single agents. Little or no viral variation emerges inpatients with complete suppression of plasma HIV-1 RNA in response to potentcombination therapy. The Role of Immune Activation in HIV Disease During HIVinfection, however, the immune system may be chronically activated, withnegative consequences. For HIV replication and spread are much more efficient inactivated CD4+ cells. Chronic immune system activation during HIV disease mayalso result in a massive stimulation of a persons B cells, impairing theability of these cells to make antibodies against other pathogens. Chronicimmune activation also can result in apoptosis, and an increased production ofcytokines that may not only increase HIV replication but also have otherdeleterious effects. Increased levels of TNF-alpha , for example, may be atleast partly responsible for the severe weight loss or wasting syndrome seen inmany HIV-infected individuals. The persistence of HIV and HIV replicationprobably plays an important role in the chronic state of immune activation seenin HIV-infected people. In addition, researchers have shown that infections withother organisms activate immune system cells and increase production of thevirus in HIV-infected people. Chronic immune activation due to persistentinfections, or the cumulative effects of multiple episodes of immune activationand bursts of virus production, likely contribute to the progression of HIVdisease. The Role of CD8+ T Cells CD8+ T cells are important in the immuneresponse to HIV during the acute infection and the clinically latent stage ofdisease. These cells attack and kill infected cells that are pr oducing virus. Manifest Destiny EssayThey found that even when HIV does not enter a cell, proteins in the outerenvelope of the virus can bind to CCR5 receptor on the cells surface andinitiate a biochemical cascade that sends a signal to the cells interior. Thissignaling process may activate the cell, making it more vulnerable to HIVinfection. It also may cause cells to migrate to sites of HIV replication,thereby increasing their vulnerability to infection. If the cell is alreadyinfected with HIV, activation may boost the production of the virus. HIVgenerally requires two receptors (as discussed in The Role of CD8+ T Cells) toenter a target cell: CD4, and either CCR5 or CXCR4, depending on the strain ofvirus. The strains of HIV most commonly seen early in HIV disease, known asmacrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses, use CD4 and CCR5 for cell entry. Manystrains of the simian immuno-deficiency virus (SIV), a cousin of HIV thatinfects non-human primates such as monkeys, also use these receptors forcellu lar entry. Researchers found that envelope proteins from four differentM-tropic HIV strains and one M-tropic SIV strain induced a signal through CCR5that caused cells to migrate in culture. In contrast, envelope proteins fromother strains of the viruses, known as T-cell tropic (T-tropic) strains, did notcause signaling. Chapter 3 Immunological Treatments for HIV/AIDS HRG 214: Ajoint effort between scientists and industry has resulted in the development ofa new drug to treat patients in the advanced stages of AIDS. Dr. Frank Gelder,director of Immuno-diagnostic Testing Laboratories, Department of Surgery atLouisiana State University Medical Center in Shreveport, Louisiana, invented thedrug, HRG214. HRG214 is formulated as an immuno-chemically-engineered group ofantibodies that neutralize and inactivate essential steps in the life cycle ofHIV. HRG214 is the first immunology based pharmaceutical to show successfultreatment of HIV infection. When HRG214 is used in conjunction with twoad ditional drugs, one to initiate and one to control cytokine pathways, (thechemical signals by which cells communicate). CD8 lymphocytes and other cells,which fight infection, (present but not functioning normally in AIDS patients),are rapidly restored to normal function. This drug regime opens new therapeuticoptions for the care of HIV patients, including those in advanced stages ofAIDS. In addition, CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte numbers have statistically increased,and marked clinical improvements have been observed in all patients receivingtreatment with HRG214. These improvements include increase in appetite andstamina, as well as marked improvements in AIDS-related conditions such aschronic fatigue syndrome, diarrhea, malabsorption, and other HIV-relateddiseases. Cytolin Unlike current AIDS drugs, which attack HIV directly, Cytolinwould help the bodys immune system by correcting the immune systemsself-destruct mechanism that is triggered by an HIV infection. Cytolin is amonoclonal anti body designed to prevent one part of the immune system-aparticular type of killer CD8 cells-from attacking another part-CD4cells, the destruction of which results in AIDS. Cytolin is designed to protectthe immune systems natural defenses while antiviral drugs take the offensiveagainst HIV. Cytolin is to be given in a doctors office, most often as anadjunct to a combination of antiviral drugs. Combinations, orcocktails, of antiviral drugs have helped some patientssignificantly reduce the level of their HIV infection, improving their health. However, the side effects of antiviral drugs can be so significant that at least15 percent of patients cannot take them. Even some patients who can tolerateantiviral therapy have continued to face declining health. Following injectionwith Cytolin, the patients demonstrated significantly reduced levels of HIVinfection and clinical signs of immune system recovery, including increasedlevels of disease fighting CD4 cells. Conclusion First of all, HIV attacks thevery cells that are responsible for the defense of the human body againstinvaders, the CD4+ T cells. However, HIV also targets other immune system cellswith CD4 on their surface. Not only are HIV replication and the spread of thevirus more efficient in activated cells, but chronic immune activation duringHIV disease may result in a massive stimulation of a persons B cells, impairingthe ability of these cells to make antibodies against other pathogens. Chronicimmune activation also can result in a form of cellular suicide known asa poptosis, and in the increased production of signaling molecules calledcytokines that can themselves increase HIV replication. This strategy shows thatHIV does not to invade the CD4+ cells to inflict damage to the immune system. The chronic immune activation not only impairs the ability of B cells to makepathogens against other cells, but it also results in apoptosis, and anincreased production of cytokines that may not only increase the HIV replicationbut also have other deleterious effects, such as the severe weight loss causedby increased levels of TNF-alpha. Now, finally researchers have found a twopotentially successful immunological treatments, HRG 214 and Cytolin. HRG 214neutralizes and inactivates essential steps in the replication cycle of HIV. Cytolin helps the immune system by correcting its self-destruct mechanism thatis triggered by an HIV infection. BibliographyPantaleo G, The qualitative nature of the primary immune response to HIVinfection is a prognosticator of disease progression independent of the initiallevel of plasma viremia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997. http://camelot.emmes.com/avctn/index.htm http://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/daids.htm Kostirkis LG, Huang Y, Moore JP,et al. A chemokine receptor CCR2 allele delays HIV-1 disease progression and isassociated with a CCR5 promoter mutation. Nat Med 1998; 4:350-3. Cocchi F,DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES,MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced byCD8+ T cells. Science 1995; 270:1811-5. Pantaleo G, Graziosi C, Demarest JF,et al. HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid issue during theclinically latent stage of disease. Nature 1993; 362:355-8. Embretson J,Zupancic M, Ribas JL, et al. Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytesand macrophages by HIV during the incubation perio d of AIDS. Nature 1993;362:359-62. HIV Pathogenesis and Viral Markers. HIV Clinical Management Volume 2. ? 1999 Medscape, Inc. Junqueira, Carneiro, and Kelly. Functionelehistologie. Utrecht 1996. Meer, J van der, et al. Interne Geneeskunde. BohnStafleu Van Loghum

Recycling Comprises of Sustainable Systems Design

Question: Discuss about the Recycling Comprises of Sustainable Systems Design. Answer: Introduction: As opined by Childers et al. (2014), Design and Management of Sustainable Built Environments is mostly based on advanced knowledge of the major subjects that is required for meeting the target of reduction of carbon emission. It is also based on the overall context of climatic change and resource exhaustion. It mostly deals with the scrutiny, amalgamation, design, measurement of modern, and energy competent environmental systems. It also makes the use of analytical and computer imitation techniques. It develops understanding in environmental engineering and building design as well as management of design. A chronic theme all through the program is concerned with the self-motivated nature of incorporated design as well as operation and management of sustainable built surroundings. The chronic theme covers urban sustainability, intelligent operation and management. The course acts in response to the global demand for building services engineers who have a good knowledge of engineering principles as well as the ability to apply this understanding within the services industry of the building. The building service engineers design all the systems in such a way that are required for inhabitants to carry out their trade. These systems comprise heating, illumination, electrical systems as well as air-conditioning. The aim is increasingly involved with the stipulation of sustainable and green building within the system. Services that are associated with the program are designed and fixed carefully so that they are inconspicuous and aesthetically pleasant and also work in agreement with the architecture of the building. The program will also act in response to the global demand for constructing services engineers who have a good understanding of the engineering objectives and the capability to apply the knowledge to the complicated circumstances that p revails within the industry of the building services (Ward and Peppard 2016). As opined by Mumovic and Santamouris (2013), with the increasing intricacy of engineering services in modern buildings and the importance of energy maintenance, the responsibility of building services engineer is becoming more and more imperative. The MSc program is appropriate for current engineering and technology graduates, shifting into building services and associated disciplines. It is also appropriate for established engineers as well as technologists who works in building services. These individuals face the challenge of new areas of prospects. Mangers and designers are also impacted positively with the MSc program and they also require to widen their experience and necessitate updating. Building service engineering implies the implementation of engineering services, which is helpful to understand the impact of the internal environment of the building. In this regard, it can be stated that building service architect has the experience in integration of building services. The architect requires to focus on the design, construction, environmental and the electrical technology etc. Moreover, it can be mentioned that building services engineering software would be helpful for the building construction by using the computer aided technology (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). This study is also helpful to discuss the MVAC system, electrical and the distribution system, lighting system, which are important for the building service system. Building details The buildings in Hong Kong are developed based on the different sub parts such as 2 storey floors, office, data centre, gym room, plant room, canteen, machine room, electrical and the mechanical rooms. It can be assumed that total floor area is approximately 1200 meter square. On the other hand, this study has highlighted the development of the traditional system. In this connection, it can be mentioned that electrical and the distribution is the major section, which is required to develop under the traditional system design. As opined by Bocanegra-Martnez et al. (2014), in order to design the electrical and the distribution system, the architect requires to focus to the concept of loading evaluation. This would in turn depend upon the FS pumps, A/C loading. The power of the FS pumps require to be 50 kilo watt and the total power of the loading estimating would be approximately 162 kilo watt. On the other hand, the construction of loading estimation is depending upon the lighting and power development. Therefore, it can be inferred that the overall power, which is required for the development of the electrical and distribution system is approximately 275 kilo watt. Moreover, it can be stated that traditional system design has followed the vertical transportation system. As per this technique, an architect of Hong Kong is willing to use the hydraulic lift. It is benefitted to provide the consumers a barrier free environment. The maximum capacity of the lift is to carry 9 to 10 passengers. In addition, the fire service system was developed by following some definite regulations, practices. With the help of this fire service system, the users would be able to get the protection and also feel safe. Therefore, it can be added that protection of human life is the main priority of fire service system. In order to install the fire service system, the architect requires to content the fire hydrant, automated sprinkler system, manual or automated fire alarm technology, emergency lighting system etc. As it can be stated that fire service system is benefitted for the life protection of the consumers, therefore, it is necessary to understand the design criteria of fire service system. Firstly, the designer requires to follow the LPC rules for the installation of automated sprinkler. The capacity of sprinkler tank requires to be OH 3 hazards in size. In addition, it can be added that the sprinkler tank can cover approximately 12 meter square. Lastly, it can be observed that the installation of an ordinary hazard can flow 1000L/ minimum rate. On the other hand, fire hydrants flow rate is approximately 900L/s. The drainage system of a building can discharge approximately 0.5 m/s to 2m/s. This proves that the drainage system would be able to remove all the storm water of a building. Advantage of using rainwater re-cycling system It is known that three fourth of the planet is made of water. In this point, it can be mentioned that the water of oceans cannot be utilized for the drinking purpose or for irrigation. Therefore, Bocanegra-Martnez et al. (2014) cited that there are the constant shortages of water, which is either good for drinking or also for industrial use. Therefore, it can be mentioned that rainwater requires to collect for the further utilization. Precisely, it can be stated that rainwater harvesting is a technique to collect, filter, store as well as using of rainwater for the purpose of irrigation. The advantages of rainwater for irrigation can be described in the following manner: According to Ahmed and Toze (2015), it can be mentioned that harvesting rainwater helps the farmer by providing greater utility as the energy resources. In this connection, it can be mentioned that drinking water is not renewable. Moreover, it helps to reduce the wastages. The process of collecting rain water is depending upon the simple and easier technology. () added that the overall cost of installing the operational technology is comparatively easier than the water purifying or water pumping procedure. Water collection in the rainwater harvesting procedure can be used for the different non-drinking program. In case of industrial program, harvesting rain water will be helpful for performing several industrial operations. In this context, it can be mentioned that burden of soil erosion in a large number of areas allows the land to thrive. Moreover, it can be stated that stored water in cistern for further use when water supplies are lower (Ghaffour, Missimer and Amy 2013). In the words of Ward, Memon and Butler (2012), it can be mentioned that rainwater harvesting system is useful for the building of new infrastructure. Most of the rooftops are treated as the workable catchment area, which are linked as the harvesting system. This would in turn reduce the effect of environment by the reduction of the utility of duel based machineries. Rain water is free from the chemicals of the ground water. This would be suitable for the irrigation. Moreover, it can be mentioned that storing of larger reservoirs of harvested rain water is benefitted for performing several operation of irrigation. Reduction of demand on ground water: In the point of Taylor et al. (2013), it can be mentioned that with the rise in population, the demand of water has been increasing day by day. Therefore, there is a huge demand of ground water. This would in turn led to the depletion of ground water, however, it can be added that level of ground water is at lower level due to the scarcity of water. In this respect, it can be rain water storage system would be helpful to reduce the chances of floods in the low lying areas. Instead of this, Blaikie (2016) opined that this technique would be benefitted to reduce the soil erosion and can contaminate the surface water with fertilisers. Resulting, the lakes and the ponds would be cleaner. Advantage of grey water for flushing: According to Abdel-Kader (2013), it can be mentioned that grey water recycling system is helpful to save money and can increase the water supply where irrigation is required. In this context, it can be stated that residential water used in the split between the outdoor and indoor. Except of toilet water would be recycled outdoors. It would achieve equal outcome effectively by diverting the less water from the environment. Therefore, in a synopsis, it can be stated that grey water is the process of discharging of waste water from domestic activities. As a result, grey water can recycle the water for other uses that is the uses of irrigation or for toilet flushing. In the words of Fountoulakis et al. (2016), grey water for flushing would be gathered separately from black water. This requires to be eventually disinfected for the reuses as well as also for the non potable water sources. Reusing grey water is assumed as cheap as bucketing water outside. In this purpose, Bani-Melhem et al. (2015) added that grey water can be diverted to the garden. Therefore, advanced system is also useful for the collection and treating of indoor grey water and also for laundry washing The advantages of grey water can be described as the following manner: Constructed wetlands are useful for the further treatment of wastewaters. As a result, it can be mentioned that physical, chemical and the biological methods would combine to remove contaminants from the wastewater. Multi stage and the rotation of biological contractors are useful for the waste water treatment. These are usually followed by the initial sedimentation stage along with the ultimate clarification stage, and these are important for the removal of biomass. The function of sequencing batch reactors is performed by following four stages such as fill, aeration, decanting and settling. Sequencing batch reactors for the grey water treatment is helpful for the use of recycling water. Moreover, it can be mentioned that grey water recycling process is an essential sources for the growing of plant, especially in the arid climates. Grey water contains approximately one tenth nitrogen of black water. This can be significantly removed by the biological uptake in plants. On the other hand, it can be opined that potable water can reduce the demand from the water utility. This will in turn reduce the water bills. Grey water would be benefitted to enhance the life of the sewers. Therefore, the energy will be saved (Ma et al. 2015). Advantages of Solar panel as sustainable system to provide hot water The distinctive focus of the Sustainable System Design is on an accurately interdisciplinary strategy to the design as well as operation of sustainable buildings and cities. The objective of the program is to offer a logical framework for the regulation and management. Each module of the program comprises assemblies that are delivered by most important practitioners. The program is constantly informed not only by the most recent developments in industry but also by on-going global research. This program is ideal for experts in the built surrounding that includes engineers, managers of facilities and performance evaluators. The challenges that are associated with the program include disintegration of disciplines in built surroundings. The aim is to prepare experts to address these challenges with the help of acquisition of major practical skills of analysis and simulation in technical problems (Dupeyrat, Mnzo and Fortuin 2014). Solar hot water systems are a truly renewable energy source to heat water for household use. A solar hot panel mostly provides hot water between 50 to 90 percent of hot water requirement. The amount of hot water mostly depends on the local climate and the model of solar hot water heater that is installed. Solar panel that provides hot water generally comes with electric or gas boosters. The advantage of using solar panel as sustainable system is that although it costs more to purchase and install it, the extra upfront cost gets recovered as it reduces electricity bills. It is sustainable mostly due to the fact that it can be harnessed in all areas of the world. It is also easily reached as long as there is sun. it also involves low maintenance cost and also the most reliable solar panel manufacturers give 20-25 years of warranty. The technology that is used in the solar water systems are also continuously getting advanced that is also likely to get strengthened in the future. The eff ectiveness is also likely to get increased due to innovation in quantum physics as well as nanotechnology. The solar water heater is also likely to cut cost by half. This in turn will lead to corresponding reduction in pollution. As a result, the installation of solar water heater will reduce hot water carbon footprint by half. At the similar time, an individual is likely to conserve nonrenewable fuels. It also increases the value in the household of Hong Kong. Although, the initial cost of purchasing a solar water heater is high, the government of Hong Kong has introduced schemes that will in turn encourage the adoption of renewable sources of energy. The inverters are the only that requires to be changed in the following 5-10 years (Gill et al. 2015). References Abdel-Kader, A.M., 2013. Studying the efficiency of grey water treatment by using rotating biological contactors system.Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences,25(2), pp.89-95. Ahmed, W. and Toze, S., 2015.Microbiological quality and associated health risks with the use of roof-captured rainwater. IWA Publishing, London. Bani-Melhem, K., Al-Qodah, Z., Al-Shannag, M., Qasaimeh, A., Qtaishat, M.R. and Alkasrawi, M., 2015. On the performance of real grey water treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor system.Journal of Membrane Science,476, pp.40-49. Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Blaikie, P., 2016.The political economy of soil erosion in developing countries. Routledge. Bocanegra-Martnez, A., Ponce-Ortega, J.M., Npoles-Rivera, F., Serna-Gonzlez, M., Castro-Montoya, A.J. and El-Halwagi, M.M., 2014. Optimal design of rainwater collecting systems for domestic use into a residential development.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,84, pp.44-56. Childers, D.L., Pickett, S.T., Grove, J.M., Ogden, L. and Whitmer, A., 2014. Advancing urban sustainability theory and action: Challenges and opportunities.Landscape and Urban Planning,125, pp.320-328. Dupeyrat, P., Mnzo, C. and Fortuin, S., 2014. Study of the thermal and electrical performances of PVT solar hot water system.Energy and Buildings,68, pp.751-755. Fountoulakis, M.S., Markakis, N., Petousi, I. and Manios, T., 2016. Single house on-site grey water treatment using a submerged membrane bioreactor for toilet flushing.Science of the Total Environment,551, pp.706-711. Friend, J. and Jessop, N., 2013.Local Government and Strategic Choice (Routledge Revivals): An Operational Research Approach to the Processes of Public Planning. Routledge. Ghaffour, N., Missimer, T.M. and Amy, G.L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.Desalination,309, pp.197-207. Gill, N., Osman, P., Head, L., Voyer, M., Harada, T., Waitt, G. and Gibson, C., 2015. Looking beyond installation: Why households struggle to make the most of solar hot water systems.Energy Policy,87, pp.83-94. Hensen, J.L. and Lamberts, R. eds., 2012.Building performance simulation for design and operation. Routledge. Ma, Y., Metch, J.W., Vejerano, E.P., Miller, I.J., Leon, E.C., Marr, L.C., Vikesland, P.J. and Pruden, A., 2015. Microbial community response of nitrifying sequencing batch reactors to silver, zero-valent iron, titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide nanomaterials.Water research,68, pp.87-97. Maxwell, J.A., 2012.Qualitative research design: An interactive approach: An interactive approach. Sage. Mumovic, D. and Santamouris, M. eds., 2013.A Handbook of Sustainable Building Design and Engineering:" An Integrated Approach to Energy, Health and Operational Performance". Routledge. Ratheesh, A., Berk, M. and McGorry, P.D., 2014. Ethical Consideration for Treating At-Risk Populations.Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Presentation, Treatment, and Neurobiology, p.133. Sustainable Witney. (2016).Solar Hot Water Systems. [online] Available at: https://sustainablewitney.org.uk/2010/04/07/solar-hot-water-systems/ [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Dll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M. and Konikow, L., 2013. Ground water and climate change.Nature Climate Change,3(4), pp.322-329. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Ward, S., Memon, F.A. and Butler, D., 2012. Performance of a large building rainwater harvesting system.Water research,46(16), pp.5127-5134. Waterrhapsody.co.za. (2016).The Benefits of Greywater RecyclingWater Rhapsody | Water Rhapsody. [online] Available at:https://www.waterrhapsody.co.za/2009/09/15/the-benefits-of-greywater-recycling/[Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Wright, A.L., Wahoush, O., Ballantyne, M., Gabel, C. and Jack, S.M., 2016. Qualitative Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples: Culturally Appropriate Data Collection Methods.The Qualitative Report,21(12), pp.2230-2245. Zinzi, M., Romeo, C., Thomsen, K.E., Buvik, K., Kluttig-Erhorn, H., Erhorn, H., Mrck, O., Tangen, S. and Steiger, S., 2015. Building Services Systems.

Andrew Jacksons And The Battle Of New Orleans Essays -

Andrew Jacksons And The Battle Of New Orleans Andrew Jackson And The Battle Of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans was one of the last remarkable conflicts in history. The last major land battle of the war was the war of 1812. The battle of New Orleans was fought after the treaty of peace ending the hostilities, was signed. The United states declared war on Great Britain in June of 1812. The war did not threaten Louisiana till the end of the war with the battle of New Orleans because most of the war had been fought on the border of Canada. The British force had more than 5,000 veterans, a little less than one half of them died at the battle of New Orleans. The Americans had about 5,700 men. Only a third of them even fired a shot during the action, but they only suffered 71 casualties. The American commander General Andrew Jackson became very famous from the victory at New Orleans. His winning eventually led to his becoming the seventh president of the United States and the founder of the modern Democratic political party. (Adams 109-110) Andrew was born at the South Carolina settlement of Waxhaw on March 15,1767. He became a orphan at the young age of fourteen. He and his two brothers, Hugh and Robert, lived with their aunt. He attended school for only a few years. All three brothers fought in the American revolution. Hugh was killed in 1779. Teen-aged Jackson and his older brother, Robert, fought side by side in many skirmishes against the British in South Carolina. After the battle of Hanging Rock the two boys were thrown into jail, where they both contracted small pox. Andrew was able to recover but Robert died. (Remini 1-6) After the Revolution Jackson lived in Charleston, South Carolina, and then moved to Salisbury, North Carolina where he began to study law. After studying law for two years he began his own practice in Martinsville, North Carolina, Shortly after he moved to Nashville Tennessee. There he met and married Rachel Donelson Robards. They had no children but he adopted Rachel's nephew. During this time Jackson started to make a name for himself as a successful backwoods lawyer. He also begun to take an active part in politics. He was elected to the United Stated House of Representatives but he resigned his post to become a senator when he was just thirty years old. Jackson resigned as a senator to become a judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court. Next he decided to become a major general of the Tennessee Militia. He spent much of the next decade drilling and training his troops. The war of 1812 marked the turning point of his career. Responding to Alabama's and Georgia's pleas for help, Jackson and his 3,500 militiamen moved out of Tennessee and marched through miles of wilderness under very hard conditions. Jackson's forces met the creek forces at a place called Horseshoe Bend along the Tallapoosa River on March 27, 1814, and defeated them. This forced the Indians to give up most of their land to Alabama and Georgia. Shortly after this victory Jackson was commissioned a major general in the United Stated Army. After defeating the Creeks, Jackson was sent to Mobile with a handful of troop the defend Fort Bowyer against a British force's. Fort Bowyer was defended by twenty guns, while the British ships had seventyeight. Jackson managed to sink one of the British ships and damage another. The remaining two British ships fled to what they thought would be a safe harbor at Pensacola. After recruiting additional troops, Jackson soon followed the ships. Jackson took over Pensacola. Jackson and his men returned to Mobile. (Carter 94-95) Jackson found out that the British were preparing to launch a attack on New Orleans. Jackson immediately sent a message to Tennessee having his Indian riflemen to meet him in New Orleans. He then left with a few troops and headed for Louisiana. When Jackson arrived at New Orleans he found a strange collection of troops wearing all manner of dress and carrying a large variety of weapons. Jackson was able to unite his forces into a army that was capable of beating the

Next Generation Display Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays

Next Generation Display Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays Next Generation Display Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Next Generation Display Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Next Generation Display Market Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Share, Trends, Analysis, Growth And Forecast, 2013 2019 Advancements in optoelectronics and nanotechnology have changed the display technology in last few years. Due the environmental issues there is high demand for the green products and energy efficient products. With consuming less energy providing other qualities such as high resolution, better display quality and improved backlight are provided by next generation display technologies. 4K technology which refers to 4,000 pixels in horizontal resolution in various digital formats used mainly in shooting motion pictures and scanning 35 mm film into digital. Products using 4K technology are used in various applications such as retail advertisement, entertainment, consumer electronics, business education, aerospace defense and so on. In the next generation display market, digital cameras and smart TVs are showing significant growth rate over the other products . Visit Complete Report Here: marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/next-generation-display-market-global-industry-analysis-market-size-share-trends-analysis-growth-and-forecast-2013-2019 The 4K technology product portfolio includes smartphones tablets, monitors, digital cameras, projectors, smart TVs and camcorders among others. As in the market of TVs the demand for large screen is increasing, the smart TVs market is expected to witness high growth rate in the coming three to four years. Minimum use of resources, tough, slim and flexible displays, changing trend in display market, wider viewing angles and high resolution are some of the driving forces for this market. While high cost of ingredients used and applications developed using this display are some restraining factors for this market. Reduction of price by mass production and low cost fabrication are some opportunities for the players in this market. The cinematographers are also

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees Essay - 1

Financial crisis impacts on progress of employees - Essay Example Financial crisis can be used to refer to economic; an economic crisis refers to a situation where the economy is unstable and thus the instability results to an economic recession or a depression. An economic recession results from economic shocks thus leading to real changes in the economy, in the case of financial crisis it may not necessarily result into an economic crisis. There has been many financial crisis with many of them resulting to economic recession to name but a few, the Mexican financial crisis which occurred in the mid 1990, the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990’s and the popular know global financial crisis in the late 2000’s that saw giant economies like the United experience negative economical growth (Akhigbe 1985). The Mexican financial crisis occurred in the mid 90’s and to be exact in late 1994 and 1995, scholars have argued that the devaluation of peso was mishandled thus resulting to the crisis. Mexico economy was growing at an aver age of 3.1% between the year 1989 and 1994, inflation rates were decline and 1993 there were a single digit after two decade of soar prices. This had made Mexico attractive to foreign investor thus making the capital inflows and foreign direct investment to spur the economy (Tuano, 2002). The economic growth achieved was halted by the decision to devalue Peso in December 1994 was not attractive to the foreign investors, thus there no more capital inflows and this was the commencement of what was later came to be known as the great Mexican Peso crisis. In addition to devaluation weak regulators systems as contributed to the crisis, after the foreign investor pulled out the Mexican government did not measures in place that could avoid depletion of foreign reserves or reverse the imported created demand thus resulting into a crisis (Muller, 2011). The Mexican crisis left employees vulnerable to high prices due to imported created inflation, these de-motivated employees as used much of their to cover bills and purchase basic commodities. Although manufactures could not request employees for a wage cut as suggested by many classical economist due wage rigidity, the employers resulted to layoffs so as reduce the monthly bills or closing. In some cases employers had closed down manufacturing plant as demand for their products was low, thus this led to many workers dream being shut down. The Mexican crisis was closely followed by the Asian financial crisis which can be contrasted to the earlier currency crisis to the crisis that had the most severe to Asian countries to name but a few Thailand and Philippines. The Asian financial crisis resulted to the main reasons as outlined below, shortage in foreign reserves, wrong replenishment measures by the International Monetary Fund and in adequate financial institutions. Similar to the Mexico the Asian counties before the crisis the countries experienced high capital inflows but unlike in Mexican cases foreign investors wit hdrew from Asia at some extent due to panic and contagion (Age?nor, 2006). Asian crisis also affected on employees, for example, in Philippines one of immediate reaction by companies operating in the region was to cut down cost of production thus resulting to down sizing of the workforce or even at worst level closing down. According to the